Course: MAT 112A (Fall 2021) - Calculus I and Modeling | Davidson College

    • Look through Section R.6 (p. R-21-24) and Section 2.1 p. 73-74 and Examples 6 and 7 at end.  We will do interest later.
      Do Exercises:
      R.6; 15, 25(single term means one fraction), 46.
      2.1; all in range 3 - 11 matching (Calculator graphing is not required.)   Hint: rewrite algebra expression as a multiple and/or shift of 3x or 3-x.
      2.1; 38, 45.  
      Hint on 38(d):  64 = 2^6.
      Hints on 45: (b) explain means physically, in terms of cortisone.  (c) Show rough sketch of graph WITH SCALE whenever used to answer a question -- throughout the course.  Set Window to an appropriate xmin and xmax and may use ZoomFit.

    • Discrete Models I Homework

    • Read rest of 2.1 and review everything in section 2.2.
      2.1; 36, 51abde+(f)daily, 53, 58c(compounded continuously) (I'm replacing a and b with this new part.)
      2.2; 12, 19, 36, 39, 50, 54, 56, 63, 67, 88.
      Answer to 2.2; 36 is 2c+2.

    • Read 3.1; Formality of the page 134 rules will not be emphasized, but the conceptual introduction in previous pages is helpful, and you still need to understand all examples.
      3.1; 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22.  (On 21 & 22 and throughout Calculus, you must use Radians.)
      On all that follow, use good notation to show steps or explain reasoning; just an answer will not suffice.
      3.1; 38, 41, 45, 61, 79, 95, 96(Do you need to know constants are positive?).

    • Read 3.2.
      3.1; 50, 54, 55 on all three, show algebra steps as in class and/or explain reasoning in a sentence; just an answer will not suffice.
      3.2; 2, 3, 6,
      3.2; 8, 9, 11, 14, 16, 
      Hint on  8 through 16:  You should be able to tell where it is discontinuous by just thinking about the formula domain.  However, you may graph the function to decide the limit as you approach a discontinuous point.
      3.2; 24, 38.
      True or False:  The function modeling Circadian Testosterone, on p. 122; 114, is continuous everywhere.  If false, where is it discontinuous?

    • Read 3.3. (Also, do the 3.4 problems listed at the bottom.)  Remember units in applications.
      3.3; 6, 20, 25, 33, 34, 44.  You are required to follow the instructions below:
      On 20, use limit with algebra.
      On 25, use a table of values as on p. 158.
      On 34c, graph the function and get derivative from a graph tool (On TI89 graph, F5 Math, Derivative; On Desmos, can ask for f '(a)).
      3.4; 8, 9, 10.  (Since tangent line is drawn in, just take two convenient points, fairly far apart, to find slope of line.)

    • Read 3.4

      • Prob A.  If f(x)=x, prove f '(x)=1 by definition of derivative.

      • Prob B.  If f(x)=x4, prove f '(x)=4x3 by definition of derivative (expand (x+h)4).
      3.4; 1, 15+, 17+, 38, 39, 55.
      On 15 and 17, in addition to everything instructed, after you prove the derivative formula, use it to find the equation of the tangent line to the curve at x=3.

    • Read 3.5 and 4.1.
      3.5; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12.
      4.1; 3, 12, 17, 20, 32.
      On 20:  Rewrite as powers of x; don't use quotient rule.

    • Read 4.2.
      Prob A:  If f(x) = c u(x), prove f '(x) = c u'(x) by definition of derivative.
      4.1; 43, 57, 58abcd, 62, 71.  (Hints below; remember to include units in 62 and 71)
      4.2; 7, 19, 22, 29, 30, 33.   (Instructions specify use product or quotient rule, so you must!)

      Hint for 4.1 probs:  Easier not to use quotient rule, instead pull constants out front and/or use negative exponents.
      Hint on 56d: Units of BMI are just that, units of BMI. Describe the derivative as how much something changes for every what?
      Optional star (hand in separately within a week): do the pair of problems *(4.1;65 and 4.2;37 ).

    • Read 4.3.
      4.2; 43, 45.  (I don't like the 45a answer in back; a simpler form with only one H is better and makes 45b easier.)
      4.3; 11, 12, 22, 27, 33, 34, 38, 44, 51, 52.
      On 51 "explain the discrepancy" by showing that one answer can be algebraically converted into the other.

    • Read 6.4 Example 2 only (for now).
      Read 4.4.
      I suggest the following unusual order of sections and problems.
      4.3; 56, 58, 62ab.
      6.4; 15, 18, 19, 13.  (13 is trickier than the other three.)
      4.4; 3, 8, 15, 21, 27.

    • Read 4.5.
      4.4; 41, 48, 60 as below, 67.
      4.5; 7, 14, 16, 23, 37, 57.
      Hints on 4.4; 48:  You may use calculator graph (y1(x) for V(t)) or Desmos to answer a,c,e.  On c, may find intersection with y=0.5.  On e, get value from graph (V'(240) in Desmos) but try symbolic derivative for practice (evaluation optional).
      On 4.4; 60: Just find I' for r=4,n=3, but leave the rest of the constants as letters; you don't have to do parts a and b.  This prepares you for the evaluations of parts a and b, but these are OPTIONAL and most easily done by typing the formula into some computing (TI-89 or Desmos) where you can specify constants (b=8) and evaluate at points.

    • Read 4.6
      On 40 may get derivative from graph, on all other problems you must show finding the derivative formula.
      4.6; 3, 7, 10, 18, 21, 33, 35, 38, 40.  
      p. 312; 76.
      On 76: Plot over 0 to 2 sec.  Measurements are positive going counterclockwise and negative going clockwise (as is usual in math).  So in d, positive acceleration corresponds to counterclockwise force.

    • Read 5.1 & 5.2.
      5.1; 17+, 26+, 29+, 32+, 41, 44, 53, 56.
      The + means to also find (d) where a relative maximum is at x or relative minimum is at x.
      Hint on 17-32:  simplify y' by common denominator or factoring.
      Hint on 53 & 56:  The quadratic formula (p. R-13) can help find where derivative = 0.

    • You must find maximums or minimums by using the derivative.
      5.2; 15, 42ab, 46, 50, 53 as specified below.
      Hint on 42b:  Include both + and - when you take a 6th root or ^(1/6).
      On 46b, do find the time but actual maximum value is optional.
      On 53:  On (b-i), I require you to use csc functions instead of sin as in back of book.  On (j-m), change to sin and factor out sin functions.  On m, consider at or near endpoints 0 and pi/2.  Throughout, try to avoid looking at the back of book unless necessary; it's fine if you "get ahead" of what they are asking on each step.


    • Read 5.3.
      5.3; 28, 33, 43, 48, 68, 69, 80, 92ab, 96, 103+find the maximum slope of R.
      Hint on 80:  sketch how c(t) could look and conclude signs for each of the three functions, and incr or decr for c and c'.
      On 92, all letters other than T are treated as positive constants.

    • When finding max and/or min for the remainder of the course, you should show solving derivative = 0, not "maximum" from graph.  (In a very technically detailed or complicated function, may use Wolfram Alpha, TI-89, or equivalent, to solve an equation, or even d( ) to differentiate, if you LABEL that is what you did.)  Of course, assignments and problems may occasionally instruct otherwise.
      Read 6.1.
      6.1; 1, 7, 28, 47, 50+use 2nd deriv test, assuming all constants are positive,
      On 47: Graph only M, not derivatives. Hint: You can use quadratic formula to find the solution.
      6.1; 51&52&53 done together.
      6.2; 9.

    • Read 6.2
      6.2; 4(non-negative x and y is important; why?), 13, 20, 30, 32, 40, 42.
      Hint on 13: think of energy "cost" by using relative cost/mile where cost/mile on land is 1.

      *Optional Star:  Do two more problems: 6.2; 44 and the following Problem A: 
      Not only dogs know calculus but light does too!  When light hits water it bends because it moves faster in air than in water.  The angle is given by Snell's Law shown on p. 116.  Derive this law by minimizing the total time for light to go from start to finish.  From upper left point to lower right, label constants for the vertical distances through Medium 1 and Medium 2 and the total horizontal distance.  The variable is the horizontal distance x in Medium 1.  Take derivative of total time and set it equal to zero.  Do not solve for x but, instead, interpret the ratios as trigonometric functions and rewrite as Snell's Law.

    • Read 6.3
      6.3; 3, 14, 17, 19, 38, 48.
      6.4; 3, 8, 16.

    • Read 6.4; geometry formulas are on page A-10 (Appendix D).
      6.4; 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28.

    • Read 6.5 but replace p. 352 with the following:  The linear approximation of f(x) for x near a is
      f(x) ≈ f(a) + f '(a)(x-a). This should approximate any f with a line, as in the point slope form f(x) ≈  y1 + m (x-x1).

      6.4; 30, 36.
      6.5; 1, 25, 29, 32, 35:  do all these problems using differentials.
      Exercises:  For each of the following, write down the linear approximation f(x) ≈ f(a) + f '(a)(x-a) for x near a; then, if requested, test it by using it to approximate the specific value(s).  (An example answer looks like: x^5 ≈ 1+5(x-1) for x near 1; test (1.003)^5 ≈ 1+5(.003)=1.015  (actual 1.01509...).)
      A.  f(x) = sin(x) for x near 0; test sin(.03); test sin(-.12)
      B.  f(x) = x^(1/2) for x near 25.
      C.  f(x) = ln(x) for x near 1; test ln(.996). 
      D.  f(x) = (1+x)^n  for x near 0; test 1.001^37.

      The "Quiz" is a way to record your grade out of 10 from in-class corrections.
      For Monday:  You may bring past assignment and problem numbers that you want to go over.

    • Read 7.1
      7.1; 7, 16, 27, 31, 36, 38, 39, 43, 47, 48, 51, 59, 62.

    • Read 7.2
      Must show u and du on all problems except 37.
      7.2; 3, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 29, 31, 37, 40, 43, 46, 47, 49, 55, 60.
      On 60, show how the two answers are essentially equal.

    • Read 7.3
      7.3; 3, 4, 15, 36, 38, 41.  p. 420; 53.  Problem A below.
      On 4b, you may want to sketch y=f(x) and the rectangles to understand the integral; these are left endpoints, so it is not obvious.
      On 36, further instructions are in the paragraph above.
      p. 420 (Chapter Review): 53.
      Problem A:  Estimate the integral of sin(x^2) from 0 to 2 using
      (a): n=4 intervals and right endpoints; by hand except for simple decimal calculations.  (Three decimal places will suffice.)
      (b): integral approximation website below with Midpoints and n=10, 20, and 100.  Report six decimal places.

    • Read 7.4  Good notation is required.
      7.4; 3, 14, 21, 35, 40, 51, 53, 54, 60, 64, 65, 77.
      Hint on 60: use symmetry of graph.

    • Read 8.1 and Extended Application p. 461-3.

      7.4; 84 version:  a. Just describe V(t) from t=0 to t=T.  b. Evaluate the given formula by first finding the integral value by calculator (say what command you use, fnInt is suggested).  (May ignore book's hint.)
      8.1; 9(show calculation steps using rule formulas), 15, 16, 17-20(see below), 37(just report your calculator's approximation of the integral).
      p. 463; 2 (Typo: the integral should be from 0 to 24, not 0 to t.)
      On 17 & 19, To compute all requested values, may use online app, record all digits, in a table (could use a spreadsheet): summarize results in a table of " n,  Trap,  Err,  Err*n" & corresponding for "Simp" in 19.  Hint: in finding p, you may assume that Simpson has a higher p than Trapezoidal and "approximately a constant" means just agreeing in a couple of digits.

      Optional Star: 7.4; *61+on (c) repeat for h=.0001 and also use calculator/computing to graph antiderivative f(x) on [0,1], write what you do and what you input.

    • Read 8.3
      On every problem that asks for a volume, also sketch the region to be rotated and sketch the solid of revolution.
      8.3; 12, 17, 24, 25, 31, 34, 36, 42.

    • Do problems on handout (also linked here).

    • Read 11.1
      On all problems, solve for y if possible.
      11.1; 1, 9, 12, 15, 19, 23, 34, 52, optional star: pair *(39ab and 41)
      Problem A:  Find the general solution (solved for y) of dy/dx = 1 + y2

    • Click on file zoom_0.mp4 in the folder.
      Sorry about Gallery View so lecture is only the right half of the screen.

    • Do homework on back of in-class handout (also attached).

    • Read 11.6 especially Example 2.
      Instructions for the following problems are changed to Moodle instructions below.  When using online slope field on this homework, you may simply answer the question (say from online graph or table) and/or hand-copy the solution curve if you clearly label the axes ranges.

      11.6; 3 Replace the "and 400 are infected 10 days later" with "and at the beginning of the epidemic (when y=100) the infection rate (y') is 14 people per day."  For (a) write a differential equation with initial condition (not the solution as in the back).  Then find equilibrium values and make a qualitative sketch of the solution curve for this initial condition.  (b) Use online slope field to estimate the answer to b.
      11.6; 10, 11, 12, 13.  The first sentence should be prefaced with the word "Initially," since the physical tank might hold at least twice as much over time.  On each of these problems, replace all instructions with:  (a) Write a differential equation with initial condition for y(t), the lbs of salt in the tank at minute t.  (b) If the DE is autonomous (10 & 13), find equilibrium values and make a qualitative sketch of the solution curve for this initial condition.  If not autonomous (11 & 12), use online slope field to make an accurate sketch over 100 minutes.  (c) Does the trend make physical sense?
      11.6; 14, 16.  As intended in the text; write and solve the separable DEs.
      The "Quiz" is a way to record your grade out of 10 from in-class corrections.


    • Ignore last part (d) of last question.  We are not covering the section on Euler's Method.  Instead, we covered the qualitative sketches of autonomous DEs.  Also, we have covered arctan and arcsin derivatives and corresponding antiderivatives, which are not on this practice test.

    • Hand in self-scheduled exam envelope with name on envelope and cards.  Don't enclose anything.
      Do Discrete Models IV Homework handout (also attached).